2017-02-17

Linux

Arch Linux Installation Record

Temporary Configuration 临时设置
Net-link & Source Configuration 联网&设置软件源
Create Partition 分区
MKFS 创建文件系统
MOUNT 挂载目标分区
BASE Installation 安装基础系统
Base Configuration 配置基础系统
Boot Configuration 启动引导配置
Xorg & GPU Driver
Input Method：fcitx/ibus/rime
CLI Program
GUI Program
More Configuration

Temporary Configuration 临时设置

如果可以暂时忍受tty的默认字体，习惯QWER键盘，看英文不太困难，忽略这一步
键盘布局：
localectl list-keymaps # 查看可用键盘布局
loadkeys <键盘布局>
终端字体：
ls /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/ # 查看可用终端字体
setfont <终端字体>
显示语言：
vi /etc/locale.gen # 反注释需要的 locale
locale-gen
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

Net-link & Source Configuration 联网&设置软件源

pppoe-setup
systemctl start adsl
timedatectl set-ntp true

更新本地数据库,可选
pacman -Syy

简单粗暴的做法：选择所有的中国大陆的源
sed -i '/Score/{/China/!{n;s/^/#/}}' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
教育网用户：选浙大，清华，中科大的源
sed -i '/zju\|tuna\|ustc/!s/^Server/#Server/' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
本地有镜像站就用本地的

检查结果
grep -A1 China /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

添加archlinuxcn源

Add the following to /etc/pacman.conf

[archlinuxcn]
#Server=http://mirrors.xdlinux.info/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

Create Partition 分区

SSD请参考
SSD（固态硬盘）简介
 Linux环境SSD（固态硬盘）使用指南
 archlinux wiki:SSD

分区用软件
通用：parted
MBR:fdisk,cfdisk,sfdisk
GPT:gdisk,cgdisk,sgdisk
注：
在debian安装分区工具parted中，1KB=1000B，1MB=1000KB，1GB=1000MB
在fdisk/gdisk,cfdisk/cgdisk & ls,lsblk中，1KB=1024B，1MB=1024KB，1GB=1024MB;

手动安装推荐cfdisk/cgdisk，伪图形化界面，直观形象
cgdisk /dev/sda

MKFS 创建文件系统

文件系统个人用户没特殊需求就选EXT4
加上惰性初始化参数-E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0，格式化会慢些，以后使用会稍快

mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda6
mkswap /dev/mapper/arch-5.swap
swapon /dev/mapper/arch-5.swap
mkfs.ext4 -c -b 4096 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/sda7
time mkfs.ext4 -c -b 4096 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/mapper/arch-1.root
time mkfs.ext4 -c -b 4096 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/mapper/arch-2.usr
time mkfs.ext4 -c -b 4096 -E lazy_itable_init=0,lazy_journal_init=0 /dev/mapper/arch-3.var

MOUNT 挂载目标分区

mount /dev/mapper/arch-1.root /mnt
mkdir /mnt/{boot,usr,var}
mount /dev/sda7 /mnt/boot
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/EFI
mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/boot/EFI
mount /dev/mapper/arch-2.usr /mnt/usr
mount /dev/mapper/arch-3.var /mnt/var

Base Installation 安装基础系统

pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel

pacstrap -i /mnt \
linux-lts linux-lts-headers \
linux-zen linux-zen-headers \
linux-grsec linux-grsec-headers \
net-tools networkmanager rp-pppoe rfkill bluez bluez-utils ifplugd \
iw wpa_actiond wpa_supplicant wireless_tools dialog broadcom-wl-dkms \
cpupower turbostat usbip lm_sensors alsa-utils alsa-plugins \
iftop iotop htop atop ntop sysstat dstat vnstat lsof multitail tcpdump \
dosfstools grub efibootmgr syslinux \
parted gptfdisk fuse exfat-utils ntfs-3g zip unzip unrar p7zip \
udisks2 udiskie udevil nfs-utils sshfs curlftpfs cifs-utils zenity \
libmtp android-file-transfer archlinuxcn/simple-mtpfs ranger vifm \
python-chardet libcaca highlight atool poppler transmission-cli mediainfo perl-image-exiftool \
bash-completion bash-docs bashdb \
zsh-completions zsh-doc zshdb zsh-lovers zsh-syntax-highlighting archlinuxcn/oh-my-zsh-git \
fbterm fbgrab fbv tmux w3m vim gvim neovim ctags archlinuxcn/vim-youcompleteme-git \
tree pv most lesspipe cdu pydf lolcat colordiff prettyping figlet archlinuxcn/toilet \
minicom picocom tinyserial gpm bc calc dos2unix ack mlocate man-pages-zh_cn \
dictd sdcv ydcv axel aria2 wget git mercurial subversion \
firewalld ntp hostapd dhcp bind bind-tools dnsmasq pdnsd dnscrypt-proxy dnssec-tools \
openssh sshfs sshguard rsync zsync inotify-tools parallel proxychains shadowsocks \
cmake ccache distcc colorgcc $(pacman -Ssq noto-fonts) \
emacs-nox emacs pandoc pandoc-citeproc texlive-core texlive-lang texlive-most \
python2 python python2-pip python-pip lua luarocks nodejs npm ruby \
jre8-openjdk jre8-openjdk-headless jdk8-openjdk openjdk8-doc jdk \
mariadb perl-dbd-mysql mytop innotop phpmyadmin \
postgresql postgresql-docs phppgadmin python2-mysql2pgsql \
mongodb mongodb-tools redis \
i3 awesome vicious xorg-server-xephyr xorg-xev xorg-xprop xcompmgr transset-df conky \
xsel xclip archlinuxcn/xscreensaver-arch-logo xterm rxvt-unicode urxvt-perls \
x11vnc tigervnc jfbview apvlv feh scrot vlc  firefox archlinuxcn/google-chrome \
wps-office netease-cloud-music \
archlinuxcn/anything-sync-daemon archlinuxcn/profile-sync-daemon

生成配置fstab
genfstab -p /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab && vi /mnt/etc/fstab

Base Configuration 配置基础系统

Language&Date&Hostname 语言&时间&主机名

arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
sed -i '/de_\|el_\|en_\|es_\|fr_\|ja_\|ko_\|pt_\|ru_\|zh_/s/^#//'  /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen && echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8  > /etc/locale.conf
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc --utc
echo mobius-8 > /etc/hostname

Base Network Configuration 基础服务网络配置

systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad
systemctl start firewalld 
systemctl enable firewalld 
systemctl enable dhcpcd
systemctl enable NetworkManager
pacman -S --needed iw wpa_supplicant dialog
pacman -S --needed rp-pppoe
pppoe-setup
systemctl enable adsl

archlinuxcn & yaourt 添加源

Add the following to /etc/pacman.conf

[archlinuxcn]
#Server=http://mirrors.xdlinux.info/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

1	pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring yaourt

Edit /etc/yaourtrc

1	AURURL="https://aur.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn"

Base Sec Configuration 基础安全配置

sed -i '/^tty/s/^/#/'/etc/securetty
sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/s/prohibit-password/no#prohibit-password/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/s/yes/no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i '/^#PermitRootLogin/s/#//' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i '/Port/s/22/2222/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Mouse Configuration 鼠标配置

Add /etc/conf.d/gpm

1
2
3

#GPM_ARGS="-m /dev/psaux" -t ps2	#PS/2 mouse
 GPM_ARGS="-m /dev/input/mice" -t imps2	#USB mouse
#GPM_ARGS="-m /dev/input/mice" -t ps2	#IBM Trackpoints

tmux-mem-cpu-load (for tmux)

git clone https://github.com/thewtex/tmux-mem-cpu-load.git /tmp
cd /tmp/tmux-mem-cpu-load
cmake .
make
su -c 'make install'

Other Configuration

mkdir -p /media/{usual,ISO,mtp}
cp -rf /media/usual/bak/conf.unix/skel/ /etc/
useradd -u 1536 -m -o -s /bin/zsh jeau-0
passwd jeau-0
passwd
chown -R jeau-0:jeau-0 /media/jeau-0/
gpasswd -a jeau-0 video
gpasswd -a jeau-0 uucp
setcap 'cap_sys_tty_config+ep' /usr/bin/fbterm
mkdir /usr/share/stardict/dic/
ls stardict-* |xargs -i tar xjvf {} -C /usr/share/stardict/dic/

Boot Configuration 启动引导配置

mkinitcpio

Edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

1	HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block lvm2 resume filesystems keyboard shutdown usr fsck"

lvm2 for LVM
resume for Hibernate
usr for /usr mount independently

mkinitcpio -p linux

grub installation

BIOS：

pacman -S --needed grub os-prober
grub-install --recheck /dev/<目标磁盘>

UEFI：

pacman -S --needed dosfstools grub efibootmgr  os-prober
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/EFI \
--bootloader-id=archlinux --recheck

grub config

Edit /etc/default/grub

# GRUB can remember the last entry you booted from and use this as the default entry to boot from next time.
# This is useful if you have multiple kernels or operating systems
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT="true"
# If you have multiple kernels installed,by default grub-mkconfig groups them in a submenu.
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=y
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="resume=/dev/mapper/arch-5.swap quiet"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
# Uncomment to enable Hidden Menu, and optionally hide the timeout count
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=3
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
# Uncomment and set to the desired menu colors.  Used by normal and wallpaper
# modes only.  Entries specified as foreground/background.
GRUB_COLOR_NORMAL="light-blue/black"
GRUB_COLOR_HIGHLIGHT="light-cyan/blue"
# Uncomment to allow the kernel use the same resolution used by grub
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep

resume=/dev/mapper/arch-5.swap specifies swap partition for hibernation
net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 retain tradtional NIC names like ‘eth0’ instead of ‘enp0s3’

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

exit

C-d
umount -R /mnt
reboot

Xorg & GPU Driver

lspci | egrep -i 'nvidia|amd|geforce|vga|3d|graphic'

# # graphics driver in offical mirrors：
# # +----------------------+--------------------+--------------+
# # |                      |        开源         |     私有     |
# # +----------------------+--------------------+--------------+
# # |         通用          |   xf86-video-vesa  |              |
# # +----------------------+--------------------+--------------+
# # |         Intel        |  xf86-video-intel  |              |
# # +--------+-------------+--------------------+--------------+
# # |        | GeForce 7+  |                    |    nvidia    |
# # | nVidia +-------------+ xf86-video-nouveau +--------------+
# # |        | GeForce 6/7 |                    | nvidia-304xx |
# # +--------+-------------+--------------------+--------------+
# # |        AMD/ATI       |   xf86-video-ati   |              |
# # +----------------------+--------------------+--------------+


pacman -S --needed \
xorg-server \
xorg-server-utils \
xorg-xinit \
xf86-input-synaptics \
xf86-input-evdev \
xf86-video-intel \

pacman -S --needed \
nvidia-dkms \
bbswitch primus bumblebee \

pacman -S --needed \
nvidia-settings nvidia-utils nvdock \

pacman -S --needed cuda opencl-nvidia

Input Method：fcitx/ibus/rime

pacman -S --needed \
fcitx \
fcitx-configtool \
fcitx-fbterm \
fcitx-gtk2 \
fcitx-gtk3 \
fcitx-table-extra \
fcitx-table-other \
fcitx-ui-light \
fcitx-cloudpinyin \
fcitx-sunpinyin \
fcitx-m17n \
archlinuxcn/fcitx-sogoupinyin

kernel

linuxdoc-tools linux-manpages kexec-tools \
linux-lts linux-lts-headers \
linux-zen linux-zen-headers \
linux-grsec linux-grsec-headers \

CLI Program

Network

net-config : iproute2-doc net-tools rfkill ifplugd networkmanager
PPPOE : rp-pppoe
Bluetooth : bluez bluez-utils
wireless : iw wpa_actiond wpa_supplicant wireless_tools dialog
AP : hostapd
NTP : ntp
DHCP : dhcp
DNS-Server : bind bind-tools
DNS-Cache : dnsmasq pdnsd
DNS-Sec : dnscrypt-proxy dnssec-tools
SSH : openssh sshfs sshguard aur/pssh
Proxy : proxychains shadowsocks goagent
Firewall : iptables firewalld
Download : axel aria2 wget

System Tools

hardware control : cpupower turbostat usbip
Sleep&Hibernate : aur/pm-utils
Sensors : lm_sensors
Volume : alsa-utils alsa-plugins
System Monitoring : iftop iotop htop atop ntop sysstat dstat vnstat lsof multitail tcpdump time
BOOT : dosfstools grub efibootmgr syslinux
fonts : $(pacman -Ssq noto-fonts)

File&Storage&Disk

PART : parted gptfdisk
FS : fuse exfat-utils ntfs-3g
Udisk : udisks2 udiskie udevil
NFS : nfs-utils
Samba : cifs-utils
SSHFS : sshfs
FTP : curlftpfs
Sync : rsync zsync inotify-tools archlinuxcn/anything-sync-daemon archlinuxcn/profile-sync-daemon
MTP : libmtp archlinuxcn/simple-mtpfs
File Manager : ranger
PDF : ghostscript archlinuxcn/pdftk-bin
achiving & compression : zip unzip unrar p7zip

Shell&Terminal

Bash : bash-completion bash-docs bashdb
Zsh : zsh-completions zsh-doc zshdb zsh-lovers zsh-syntax-highlighting
Regex : ack sed gawk
File Finder : mlocate
Fbterm : fbterm fbgrab fbv
Terminal : tmux parallel
Serial Communication : minicom picocom tinyserial
VIM : vim gvim neovim ctags vim-youcompleteme-git
EMACS : emacs-nox emacs pandoc pandoc-citeproc
view/color : tree pv most lesspipe cdu pydf lolcat colordiff prettyping
code highlighter : highlight
Dict : dictd sdcv ydcv
Calc : bc calc
TTY REC : aur/ttyrec aur/termrec aur/ippt aur/tpp
WordArt : figlet toilet
other tools : gpm dos2unix man-pages-zh_cn

Code&Language&Package

compile : clang cmake ccache distcc colorgcc
VCS : git hub tig mercurial subversion
texlive : texlive-core texlive-lang texlive-most
python2 : python2 python2-pip
python3 : python python-pip
nodejs : nodejs npm | cnpm hexo-cli
ruby : ruby ruby-jekyll
lua : lua luarocks
JDK : jre8-openjdk jre8-openjdk-headless jdk8-openjdk openjdk8-doc jdk aur/jdk-docs

Virtual

docker : docker docker-compose docker-machine
virt-manage : libvirt virt-install
net-manage : bridge-utils openvswitch vlan quagga
qemu : qemu \
qemu-arch-extra \
qemu-block-gluster \
qemu-block-iscsi \
qemu-block-rbd \

GUI Program

Display manager: sddm
Window Manager : i3 awesome vicious
X Tools : xorg-server-xephyr xorg-xev xorg-xprop
Transparency : xcompmgr transset-df
Backlight : xorg-xbacklight archlinuxcn/light
Monitor : conky
clipboard : xsel xclip
screensaver : archlinuxcn/xscreensaver-arch-logo
terminal : xterm rxvt-unicode urxvt-perls
Browser : firefox archlinuxcn/google-chrome
VNC : x11vnc tigervnc
PDF : zathura zathura-cb zathura-djvu zathura-pdf-mupdf zathura-ps archlinuxcn/masterpdfeditor
PHOTO : feh sxiv geeqie shotwell
Raster Graphics Editors: imagemagick imagemagick-doc gimp gimp-help-en gimp-help-zh_cn archlinuxcn/gimp-plugin-resynthesizer-git
Vector Graphics Editors: graphviz dot2tex xdot umbrello umlet plantuml dia sk1 inkscape python2-scour uniconvertor
Screenshot : scrot
VIDEO : vlc
OFFICE : archlinuxcn/wps-office
MUSIC : archlinuxcn/netease-cloud-music
Note : aur/turtl aur/simplenote-electron-bin aur/laverna

More Configuration

VIM – the God of Text Editor,For Human
TMUX – Terminal Multiplexer,For Efficiency
ZSH – The last shell you’ll ever need
URxvt&XTerm – Classic Terminal,Lesser Dependencies
Awesome – Tilling Window Manager,Highly Configuration
Conky – Lightweight System Monitor for X，Highly Configuration